However, these methods generally require large, sophisticated, and expensive instruments highly trained personnel complex procedures and far less harmless procedures (such as CT and MRI). Meanwhile, heart injury in patients can be revealed by echocardiography (ECG) 7 and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 8, 9. Lung ultrasound also offers a quantitative method to assess the lung state in patients 7. Lung injury in patients can be revealed by abnormal findings based on chest CT images 1, 2, 3, PET/CT 4, and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted diagnosis 5, 6. Similar content being viewed by othersĪssessment of lung and heart states is critical when evaluating the health condition of patients with pneumonia. This sensor provides a cost-effective alternative approach to the diagnosis and prognosis of pneumonia and has the potential for clinical and home-use health monitoring. Compared with conventional medical instruments, our sensor device provides rapid and highly sensitive detection of lung and heart sounds, which greatly helps in the evaluation of lung and heart states of pneumonia patients. Our observations were in good agreement with clinical reports. Over time, the lung and heart states of the patients gradually improved after discharge. Our sound sensor also successfully tracked the recovery course of the discharged pneumonia patients. For the first time, lung injury, heart injury, and both lung and heart injuries in discharged pneumonia patients were revealed by our sensor device. Our sensor achieves a high sensitivity of 9.2 V/g at frequencies less than 1000 Hz, making it suitable to use to monitor weak physiological signals, including heart and lung sounds. Based on two-stage amplification, which consists of an asymmetric gapped cantilever and a charge amplifier, our accelerometer exhibited an extremely high ratio of sensitivity to noise compared with conventional structures. In this study, we present a small-sized and ultrasensitive accelerometer for continuous monitoring of lung and heart sounds to evaluate the lung and heart states of patients. It usually occurs from a virus and can lead to chest tightness, wheezing, coughing up mucus, and difficulty breathing.Assessment of lung and heart states is of critical importance for patients with pneumonia. It involves inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs and can cause difficulty breathing and coughing up mucus.īronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs. Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. The most common causes are lung infections, such as pneumonia and bronchitis. What causes atypical bronchial breath sounds?Ītypical bronchial breath sounds can indicate various underlying conditions. Amphoric sounds indicate damage to the alveoli, the air sacs within the lungs. Conditions that can trigger cavernous or hollow sounds include:Īmphoric sounds involve atypical bronchial breathing, which leads to loud echoing sounds with high pitched overtones. These are low pitched bronchial breath sounds. Mediastinal tumor : This refers to a tumor in the chest between the two lungs.Atelectasis : This involves someone having a collapsed lung. Pulmonary fibrosis : This presents as damage and scarring of the lung tissue, which typically occurs in lung diseases.Pleural effusion : This refers to excess fluid in the tissue layers, or pleura, surrounding the lungs.Consolidation : This happens when air pockets in the lungs fill with fluid.Some triggers or conditions that can produce the sounds include: There are three main types of bronchial breath sounds: tubular, cavernous, and amphoric.
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